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Poverty is general scarcity, dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. It is a multifaceted concept, which includes social, economic, and political elements. 〔 〕 Poverty may be defined as either absolute or relative. Absolute poverty or destitution refers to the lack of means necessary to meet basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter. Relative poverty takes into consideration individual social and economic status compared to the rest of society. Poverty reduction is a major goal and issue for many international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank. The World Bank forecasts that 702.1 million people were living in extreme poverty in 2015, down from 1.75 billion in 1990.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Global Monitoring Report; Development Goals in an Era of Demographic Change )〕 Of these, about 347.1 million people lived in Sub-Saharan Africa (35.2% of the population) and 231.3 million lived in South Asia (13.5% of the population). Between 1990 and 2015, the percentage of the world's population living in extreme poverty fell from 37.1% to 9.6%, falling below 10% for the first time.〔http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/10/04/world-bank-forecasts-global-poverty-to-fall-below-10-for-first-time-major-hurdles-remain-in-goal-to-end-poverty-by-2030〕 Nevertheless, given the current economic model, built on GDP, it would take 100 years to bring the world's poorest up to the previous poverty line of $1.25 a day.〔Jason Hickel (30 March 2015). (It will take 100 years for the world’s poorest people to earn $1.25 a day ). ''The Guardian.'' Retrieved 31 March 2015.〕 Extreme poverty is a global challenge; it is observed in all parts of the world, including developed economies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=The World bank )〕 UNICEF estimates half the world's children (or 1.1 billion) live in poverty.〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=Ernest C. Madu )〕 It has been argued by some academics that the neoliberal policies promoted by global financial institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank are actually exacerbating both inequality and poverty.〔Stephen Haymes, Maria Vidal de Haymes and Reuben Miller (eds), ''(The Routledge Handbook of Poverty in the United States ),'' (London: Routledge, 2015), ISBN 0415673445, (p. 1 & 2 ).〕 == Etymology == The word poverty comes from old French poverté (Modern French: pauvreté), from Latin paupertās from pauper (poor). The English word "poverty" via Anglo-Norman povert. There are several definitions of poverty depending on the context of the situation it is placed in, and the views of the person giving the definition. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「poverty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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